· History To What Extent was the Establishment of the State of Israel in Palestine in , Influenced by Theodor Herzl? Information Technology in a Global SocietyAuthor: Mimi Marquet · �� History Extended Essay Topics. An extended essay (EE) is an obligatory part of the International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma Programme (DP). For an IB diploma, a student should do extensive research. It should be finished with a word paper. The extended essay provides practice for undergraduate research · Biology - Sample Extended Essays by GGS Students TO READ AN ESSAY - CLICK ON A NAME (IN BLUE) AND THEN CLICK ON THE PDF ICON. What effect does the presence and concentration of copper sulphate have on the growth of 'Staphylococcus Epidermis' bacteria on nutrient agar under Standard Laboratory ConditionsAuthor: Kate Hodgson
Example IB History Extended Essay | PDF | Indigenous Australians | Crime Thriller
Candidate Number History 0 IB History Extended Essay Received a B www. org This document is in no way endorsed by the IBO, nor should it be used as such.
This work remains the intellectual property of the original author. While you are free to seek guidance from this work, it should not be replicated in any manner for submission as IB assessment. This would be regarded as plagiarism and lead to cancellation of your diploma. Name Extended Essay Candidate Number History 1 Name School Candidate Number: Date: Word Count: 3, Extended Essay - History How did the public response to the outcome of the Myall Creek massacre trials cement the unequal treatment of Aboriginals before the law, and subsequent exclusion of Indigenous Australians from the census?
Name Extended Essay Candidate Number History 2 Abstract The Myall Creek massacre of resulted in the hanging of seven white men for the murder of Aboriginal Australians, sparking public response that diminished the legal rights of the Aboriginals. After I began investigating the case, I found that it was an anomaly in the history of the treatment of Aboriginals by the Australian courts.
This investigation was carried out with the purpose of answering the question: How did the public history extended essay examples to the outcome of the Myall Creek massacre trials cement the unequal treatment of Aboriginals before the law, and subsequent exclusion of Indigenous Australians from the census?
I began by noting the distinction between white colonists and Aboriginal people from the time of settlement, and the impact of this on the attitudes of the Australian courts towards Aboriginal rights.
I also found that Governor George Gipps was influential in implementing new British policies on the treatment of Aboriginals and the prosecution of the murderers. The response of the colony and the media during the two trials is discussed to establish the effects they had on the outcome and the approach of the Government to Aboriginal legal rights from that time onwards.
This essay is limited by the consequences of the Myall Creek massacre trials toparticularly the decision of the Australian Government to exclude Aboriginals from the census. The attitudes and response of the colony at the time of the massacre and trials were determined using primary resources, including letters from Governor Gipps and newspaper articles from the time.
Secondary sources were used to research the continuing issues surrounding Aboriginal legal rights. I reached the conclusion that the public response to the trials prevented the Government from establishing equality of Aboriginals, which led to the exclusion of Indigenous people from the census.
Words: Name Extended Essay Candidate Number History 3 Table of Contents Abstract As the colony spread, history extended essay examples, violence on the frontier became increasingly common and was the primary method of removing Aboriginals from their land. Massacres of Aboriginal people were widespread and were ignored by the Australian courts. One exception was the massacre at Myall Creek infollowing which seven colonists were trialled and hanged for the murder of 28 members of the Wirrayaraay tribe.
Such trials were unusual at the time; hence, they received a great deal of media coverage and public attention. Governor of New South Wales, George Gipps, history extended essay examples, was determined to use the trials as an example of the correct treatment of Aboriginals under the law.
However, the infuriated Australian public placed sufficient pressure on the Government and courts that the practice of hanging history extended essay examples men for killing Aboriginals on the frontier was discontinued.
Even after the trials, Aboriginals remained in an unequal position in Australian society, prompting the question: How did the public response to the outcome of the Myall Creek massacre trials cement the unequal treatment of Aboriginals before the law, history extended essay examples, and subsequent exclusion of Indigenous Australians from the census?
In order to answer this question, this investigation firstly examines how history extended essay examples British colonists dismissed the rights of the Aboriginals from the time of history extended essay examples through the declaration of terra nullius. Violence and maltreatment of the Aboriginals persisted and became generally accepted, allowing convicts to evade punishment for the murder of Aboriginals.
The British Government began to call for new policies that would bring about the protection and equal treatment of Aboriginals, which were supported by Governor Gipps. Following investigation of the Myall Creek massacre, history extended essay examples, the case was identified as an opportunity to set a precedent of conforming to the new policies, and the murderers were twice brought to trial to ensure that they received punishment for their crimes.
The correct terminology for an indigenous Australian person history extended essay examples an Aboriginal. This is capitalised to show respect. Name Extended Essay Candidate Number History 5 However, history extended essay examples, the Australian public remained fiercely opposed to the punishment of white men for the murder of Aboriginals, which was evident in the history extended essay examples public response and media coverage during both the first and second trials.
The hangings history extended essay examples not have the desired effect, rather the colonists on the frontier developed more evasive techniques for murdering Aboriginals, whilst the Australian courts reverted to lenient treatment of colonist. Importantly, this investigation demonstrates how the legal, political and social repercussions had a lasting effect on Aboriginal rights in Australia, which was seen in the exclusion of Aboriginals from the census following the federation of Australia.
This highlights how public opinion and media had the capacity to influence and overpower the Australian Government and courts in relation to the treatment of Aboriginals, and ultimately secured their unequal position in modern Australian society.
Australian Race Relations from Settlement In January ofthe First Fleet landed on the shores of Botany Bay, New South Wales carrying British convicts to settle the land. Upon arrival, they declared terra nullius 2which disregarded the occupation of the Aboriginals for over 40, years. Although the Aboriginals gave some resistance to the invasion of the white convicts through hostile attacks, the convicts maintained the view that the Aboriginals held no claim over the land 3.
InThe Sydney Herald stated: [The aboriginal society] belonged generally to every body but particularly to nobody the ground was in common and no part of it was the permanent property of any particular man 4 2 Terra nullius is a Latin term that translates to land belonging to no one, suggesting that the Aboriginals had no rights over it.
The Aborigines. Melbourne: Oxford University Press, Professor Henry Reynolds is a prominent Australian historian. As a revisionist historian, his work is controversial since it suggests that much of Australias history was hidden or misinterpreted, and that the British in fact invaded Australia, as opposed to the widely-held perception of settlement. As a result, the text presents strong bias towards the Aboriginals, and portrays them as victims of the invasion of the convicts.
The Sydney Herald, history extended essay examples, 5 December, history extended essay examples, 2. news-article As a newspaper article from the time of the trials, this is a valuable primary resource that demonstrates the ideas of the time. The article shows clear bias towards the convicts, and the author clearly felt that the murderers should not have been punished for killing Aboriginals.
They argue that Name Extended Essay Candidate Number History 6 Using the claim of terra nullius, the British colonists disregarded the authority of the Aboriginal leaders and began to occupy the land without offering any compensation 5. With this attitude, the colonists validated the forcible removal of Aboriginals from their traditional lands 6.
In fact, the colonists generalised that they were no more than aggressive savages who could only be controlled by violent methods 7. The degrading attitudes of the colony were already allowing for unfair treatment of Aboriginals. The conflict on the frontier can be seen to have officially begun when Governor Phillip and armed settlers attacked a group of Indigenous people to warn them to keep away from their settlement 8.
Coupled with the harsh conditions on the frontier, the fear of retaliation from the Aboriginal tribes made the colonists more insecure and anxious of the Aboriginal people 9. Bysettlers were allowed to use force against them under the guise of protecting themselves History extended essay examples if prosecuted, most colonists were able to escape punishment using the excuse of self-defence Despite widespread opinion, attacks from Aboriginals were normally not out of savageness, but in response to murder, rape or failure to fulfil obligations on the part of the whites The massacre of Aboriginals was not a rare event; however, such attacks were disguised under the euphemism of dispersion The white response was frequently disproportionate to the harm inflicted by the Aboriginals, with some estimates suggesting that up to 10, Indigenous Australians may have been killed in such massacres Australia was not owned by the Aboriginals before the arrival of the British, and that they consequently have no rights over it.
The Great White Flood: Racism in Australia. Atlanta: Scholars Press,history extended essay examples, 16 Being an Aboriginal, the author shows bias towards Aboriginals. This book was valuable for illustrating the events that caused Aboriginals to lose their rights. The Myall Creek Massacre: Its History, Its Memorial and the Opening Ceremony. Bingara: Edwards Printing,1. Frontier: Aborigines, history extended essay examples, Settlers and Land.
Place Details: Myall Creek Massacre and Memorial Site. The Encyclopaedia of Aboriginal Australia. Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press, A valuable reference for factual information on the Myall Creek massacre and massacres in general at the time, demonstrating very little bias.
Name Extended Essay Candidate Number History 7 Inslavery was abolished in Britain, which influenced the British Governments encouragement of more humane Aboriginal policies The Supreme Court in Sydney implemented these ideas inbut the distance to the frontier meant that the same attitudes were not adopted, history extended essay examples. The tension on the frontier mounted as the settlers felt that they were receiving inadequate protection from the Government, and had great difficulty communicating with the Aborigines The language barrier meant that Aboriginals could not understand British laws, and history extended essay examples arrested, history extended essay examples, could not be tried properly because the white people did not understand their language 17 Appendix A shows an attempt by Governor Davey to present the laws visually in the hope of overcoming this barrier.
The tension between the settlers and the Indigenous population was further exacerbated by the influence of newspapers, which depicted colonists as courageous pioneers who were victims of the harsh conditions on the frontier The settlers began to see themselves as helpless and isolated, and needed to defend themselves against the harsh conditions of drought, poverty and attacks from History extended essay examples tribes As a result, history extended essay examples, the British colonists continued to expand across the country without regard for the rights of the Indigenous people.
Background to the Area During the early settlement era, high demand for Australian wool and other products led to rapid expansion throughout New South Wales The Masters and Servants Act of 15 Reynolds, Henry and Bruce Dennett. Aborigines and Colonists: Aborigines and colonial society in New South Wales in the s and s.
Sydney: Sydney University Press, history extended essay examples, This book was controversial as it highlights the Great Australian Silence, presenting the idea that Australian history had been misinterpreted.
The book does not fully consider Aboriginal perspectives, using only white sources. Frontier violence and the bush legend: the Sydney Heralds response to the Myall Creek massacre trials and the creation of colonial identity.
History Australia 6. Accessed September 15, Name Extended History extended essay examples Candidate Number History 8 protected the interests of squatters 21giving them the power to threaten and punish Aboriginals Massacres were a frequent occurrence and in - the year before the Myall Creek massacre - Aboriginals were killed in Gravesend, history extended essay examples, NSW 23and in January of40 Aboriginals were massacred at Waterloo Creek In both cases, the perpetrators were allowed to walk free.
George Gipps was appointed Governor of New South Wales in and found that communication between Sydney and Whitehall was slow and uncertain Despite the general feeling amongst the settlers, he fought for more humane policies for Aboriginal people In discussions with Lord Glenelg, Gipps agreed that conflict would be reduced if they could demonstrate that the Aboriginals and colonist were equally protected by the law In spite of his diligence in implementing policies reflecting his beliefs, the colony appeared to view Gipps as a weak governor and did not value his authority.
Gipps soon became unpopular with the colony, as they degraded any leader who attempted to improve the conditions of the Aboriginal people, viewing it as detrimental to their safety The influence of the colony became clear when Gipps instructed the Chief Protector of Aborigines that the Governments goodwill for the Aboriginals should not outweigh the focus on economic growth Inthe same year that Gipps became governor, Henry Dangar set up the Myall Creek Station about km from Sydney and was managed by William Hobbs This 21 Squatters were those who took claim on land without legal title, usually for grazing livestock, history extended essay examples.
Massacre: Myall Creek Revisited. Delungra: Grah Jean Books, Detailed investigation of the Myall Creek massacre, with bias towards Aboriginals.
History Extended Essay Tips
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· History Rising provides a new way of learning about the Extended Essay. First, students will identify and research an “Expert Understanding” and “Expert Methodology.” These are integrated with the ideas developed through the Big Questions, and build on them by developing more niche, personal interests, and further developing students substantive Estimated Reading Time: 2 mins · Biology - Sample Extended Essays by GGS Students TO READ AN ESSAY - CLICK ON A NAME (IN BLUE) AND THEN CLICK ON THE PDF ICON. What effect does the presence and concentration of copper sulphate have on the growth of 'Staphylococcus Epidermis' bacteria on nutrient agar under Standard Laboratory ConditionsAuthor: Kate Hodgson Name Extended Essay Candidate Number History 8 protected the interests of squatters 21, giving them the power to threaten and punish Aboriginals Massacres were a frequent occurrence and in - the year before the Myall Creek massacre - Aboriginals were killed in Gravesend, NSW 23, and in January of , 40 Aboriginals were massacred at Waterloo
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