The Dissertation: An Architecture Student’s Handbook. Architectural Press, About the Reviewers. Ker ry Lon don is a Seni or Le ctu rer in the Sc hool o f Arc hit ectur e and B uilt E ¾ Our dissertation focuses on the clothing industry, since this is the industry where H&M and ZARA are active. ¾ We chose to concentrate on three theories that we consider to be most valuable for our investigation; Internalization Theory, Transaction Cost Analysis and Resource-based View. None of these theories alone can explain the success of The period of time that one experiences an existential crisis is independent of the stage of development someone is in during the crisis because people in the same age group and people in similar life situations may be at different stages of development. There are three versions of the existential crisis: sophomore crisis, adult existential crisis, and later existential crisis
TR_redirect – Defense Technical Information Center
Permissions : This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3. Please contact mpub-help umich. edu to use this work in a way not covered by the license. For more information, read Michigan Publishing's access and usage policy. The systems development life cycle SDLCwhile dissertation fulltext numerous changes to its name and related components over the years, has remained a steadfast and reliable approach to software development, dissertation fulltext.
Although there is some debate as to the appropriate number of steps, and the naming conventions thereof, nonetheless it is a tried-and-true methodology that has withstood the test of time. This paper discusses the application of the SDLC in a 21st century health care environment, dissertation fulltext. Specifically, it was utilized for the procurement of a software package designed particularly for the Home Health component of a dissertation fulltext hospital care facility.
We found that the methodology is still as useful today as it ever was. By following the stages of the SDLC, an effective software product was identified, selected, and implemented in a real-world environment, dissertation fulltext. Lessons learned from the project, and implications for practice, research, and pedagogy, are offered. Insights from this study can be applied as a pedagogical tool in a variety of classroom environments and curricula including, but not limited to, the systems analysis and design course as well as the core information systems IS class.
It can also be used as a case study in an upper-division or graduate course describing the implementation of the SDLC in practice. The systems development life cycle, in its variant forms, dissertation fulltext, remains one of the oldest and yet still widely used methods of software development and acquisition methods in the information technology IT arena.
While it has evolved over the years in response to ever-changing scenarios and paradigm shifts pertaining to the building or acquiring of software, dissertation fulltext central tenants are as applicable today as they ever were.
Life-cycle stages have gone through iterations of different names and number of steps, but at the core the SDLC is resilient in its tried-and-true deployment in business, industry, and government. In fact, the SDLC has been called one of the two dominant systems development methodologies today, along with prototyping Piccoli, Thus, learning about the SDLC remains important dissertation fulltext the students of today as well as tomorrow.
This paper describes the use of the SDLC in a real-world heath care setting involving a principle component of a regional hospital care facility. The paper can be used as a pedagogical tool in a systems analysis and design course, or in an upper-division or graduate course as a case study of the implementation of the SDLC in practice.
First, a review of the SDLC is provided, followed by a description of the case study environment. Next, the application of the methodology is described in detail, dissertation fulltext.
Following, inferences and observations from the project are presented, along with lessons learned. Finally, the paper concludes with implications for the three areas of research, practice, and pedagogy, as well as suggestions for future research.
The SDLC has been a part of the IT community since the inception of the modern digital computer. A course in Systems Analysis and Design is requisite in most Management Information Systems programs Topi, Valacich, Wright, Kaiser, Nunamaker, Sipior, and de Vreede, While such classes offer an overview of many different means of developing or acquiring software e, dissertation fulltext. As this paper will show, following the steps and stages of the methodology is still a valid method of insuring the successful deployment of software.
While the SDLC, and systems analysis dissertation fulltext design in general, has evolved over the years, at its heart it remains a robust methodology for developing software dissertation fulltext systems. Early treatises of the SDLC promoted the rigorous delineation of necessary steps to follow for any kind of software project.
The Waterfall Model Boehm, is one of the most well-known forms. In this classic representation, the methodology involves seven sequential steps: 1 System Requirements and Validation; 2 Software Requirements and Validation; 3 Preliminary Design and Validation; 4 Detailed Design and Validation; 5 Code, Debug, Deployment, dissertation fulltext Test; 6 Test, Preoperations, Validation Test; and 7 Operations, Maintenance, Revalidation, dissertation fulltext.
In the original description of the Boehm-Waterfall software engineering methodology, there is an interactive backstep between each stage. Thus the Boehm-Waterfall is a combination of a sequential methodology with an interactive backstep Burback, Other early works were patterned after the Waterfall Model, with varying numbers of steps and not-markedly-different names for each stage. For dissertation fulltext, Gore and Stubbe advocated a four-step approach consisting of the study phase, the design phase, the development phase, and the operation phase p.
Martin and McClure described it as a multistep process consisting of five basic sequential phases: analysis, design, code, dissertation fulltext, test, and maintain p. Another widely dissertation fulltext text Whitten, Bentley, and Ho, during the s advocated an eight-step method.
Beginning with 1 Survey the Situation, it was followed by 2 Study Current System; 3 Determine Dissertation fulltext Requirements; 4 Evaluate Alternative Solutions; 5 Design New System; 6 Select New Computer Equipment and Software; 7 Construct New System; and 8 Deliver New System.
Almost two decades later, a book by the same dissertation fulltext of authors in general Whitten, Bentley, and Dittman, also advocated an eight step series of phases, although the names of the stages changed somewhat albeit not significantly. The methodology proceeded through the steps of Scope definition, Problem analysis, Requirements analysis, Logical design, Decision analysis, Physical design and integration, Construction and testing, and ending with Installation and delivery p, dissertation fulltext.
It is interesting to note that nearly 20 years later, dissertation fulltext, the naming conventions used in the newer text are almost synonymous with those in the older work.
The Whitten and Bentley text, dissertation fulltext, in its present form, still breaks dissertation fulltext the process into eight stages. While there is no consensus in the naming or number of stages e. Even one of the most current and popular systems analysis and design textbooks Kendall and Kendall, does not depart from tradition, emphasizing that the SDLC is still primarily comprised of seven phases.
Although dissertation fulltext immune to criticism, Hoffer, George, and Valacich believe that the view of systems analysis and design taking place in a cycle continues to be pervasive and true p. Thus, while the SDLC dissertation fulltext evolved over the years under the guise of different combinations of naming conventions and numbers of steps or stages, it remains true to form as a well-tested methodology dissertation fulltext software development dissertation fulltext acquisition.
We now turn our attention to how it was utilized in a present-day health care setting. The present investigation regards the selection of a software package by a medium-size regional hospital for use in the Home Health segment of their organization, dissertation fulltext.
The hospital to be referred to in this monograph by a fictitious name, General Hospital is located in the central portion of a southern state in the USA, within 30 minutes of the state capital.
Its constituents reside in the largest SMSA standard metropolitan statistical area in the state and consist of both rural, suburban, and city residents. Services offered include Emergency Department, Hospice, Intensive Care Unit ICUObstetrics, Open Heart Surgery, and Pediatrics.
Additional components of General Hospital consist of an Imaging Center, a Rehabilitation Hospital, dissertation fulltext, Four Primary Care Clinics, a Health and Fitness Center one of the largest in the nation with more than 70, square feet and 7, dissertation fulltext, membersa Wound Healing Center, regional Therapy Centers, and Home Care the focal point of this study.
In short, it is representative of many similar patient care facilities around the nation and the world. As such, it provides a rich environment for the investigation of using the SDLC in a 21 st century health care institution. It is a participatory arrangement that eliminates the need for constant trips to the hospital for routine procedures. For example, patients take their own blood pressure or heart rate, glucose level, etc. using a device hooked up near their bed at home, dissertation fulltext.
The results are transmitted to the hospital or in this case, the Home Health facility near General Hospital electronically and are immediately processed, inspected, and monitored by attending staff. In addition, there is a Lifeline feature available to elderly or other homebound individuals.
Periodically, clinicians e. will visit the patient in their home to monitor their progress and perform routine inspections and maintenance on the technology. The author was approached by his neighbor, a retired accounting faculty member who is a volunteer at General Hospital.
He had been asked by hospital administration to investigate the acquisition, and eventual purchase, of software to facilitate and help coordinate the Home Health care portion of their business. After an initial meeting to offer help and familiarize ourselves with the task at hand, we met with staff i. The author, having taught the SAD course many times, recognized from the outset that this particular project would indeed follow the stages of the traditional SDLC.
While we would not dissertation fulltext responsible for some of the steps e. Their knowledge dissertation fulltext the SDLC can be applied to a non-development context.
The systematic approach is adaptable, which makes the knowledge more valuable. In this project, we used a modified version of dissertation fulltext SDLC that corresponds to the form advocated by McMurtrey Consequently, we proceed in this monograph in the same fashion that the project was presented to us: step dissertation fulltext step in line with the Dissertation fulltext. The first step in the Systems Development Life Cycle is the Problem Definition component of the Analysis phase.
One would be hard-pressed to offer a solution to a problem that was not fully defined. The Home Health portion of General Hospital had been reorganized as a separate, subsidiary unit located near the main hospital in its own standalone facility. Furthermore, the software they were using was at least seven years old and could simply not keep up with all the changes in billing practices and Medicare requirements and payments.
The current system was not scalable to the growing needs and transformation within the environment. Thus, in addition to specific desirable criteria of the chosen software described in the following sectionour explicit purpose in helping General was twofold: 1 to modernize their operations with current technology; and 2 to provide the best patient care available to their clients in the Home Health arena.
A precursor to the Analysis stage, often mentioned in textbooks e. This preface to the beginning of the Analysis phase is oftentimes broken down into three areas of feasibility:.
Fortunately, these questions had all been answered in the affirmative before we joined the project. Given that the Feasibility Study portion of the SDLC was complete, we endeavored forthwith into the project details. In the Requirements Analysis portion of the Dissertation fulltext stage, great care is taken to ensure that the proposed system meets the objectives put forth by management. To that end, we met with the various stakeholders i.
Copious notes were taken at these meetings, and a conscientious effort to synthesize our recollections was done. Afterwards, the requirements were collated into a spreadsheet for ease of inspection Exhibit 1. Several key requirements are described here:, dissertation fulltext. MEDITECH Compatible: This was the first, and one of the most important requirements, at least from a technological viewpoint.
MEDITECH Medical Information Technology, Inc, dissertation fulltext. Because of its strategic importance to General, and its overall large footprint in the entire infrastructure and day-to-day operations, it was imperative that the new software would be Meditech-compatible.
Point of Care Documentation: Electronic medical record EMR point-of-care POC documentation in patients' rooms is a recent shift in technology use in hospitals Duffy, Kharasch, Morris, and Du, POC documentation reduces inefficiencies, decreases the probability of errors, promotes information transfer, and encourages dissertation fulltext caregiver to be at the bedside or, in the case of home care, on the receiving end of the transmission.
Department of Health and Human Services, as part of the required home care assessment for reimbursing health care providers.
Physician Portal: The chosen software package must have an entryway for the attending, resident, or primary caregiver physician to interact with the system in a seamless fashion. Such a gateway will facilitate efficient patient care by enabling the physician to have immediate access to critical patient data and dissertation fulltext. Desirable, dissertation fulltext, But Not Absolutely Necessary Features: Security advanced, dissertation fulltext, beyond the normal user identification and password type dissertation fulltext trial period available i.
Other Items of interest During the Analysis Phase: Several other issues were important in this phase:. We also made note of other observations that might be helpful in selecting final candidates to be considered for site visits.
To gain insight into the experience, dependability, dissertation fulltext, and professionalism dissertation fulltext the vendors, we also kept track of information such as: experience i. Finally, dissertation fulltext, some anecdotal evidence was gathered to help us evaluate each vendor as a potential finalist.
How to Structure Your Dissertation - Scribbr ��
, time: 5:05
While there is no consensus in the naming (or number) of stages (e.g., many systems analysis and design textbooks advocate their own nomenclature (c.f. Whitten, Bentley, and Barlow (), O’Brien (), Taggart and Silbey ()), McMurtrey () reviewed the various forms of the life cycle in his dissertation work and came up with a Collaborations and top research areas from the last five years Click dots and donuts to bring up details or Select a country/territory from the list To fix an outdated FullText/PDF Expand Take the alphanumeric code at the end of the outdated hyperlink ending blogger.com, add an AD capitalized, then add to the end of the link. Example: ADApdf and blogger.com
No comments:
Post a Comment